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Finance & Business guides

Start here for timeless money maths built from your own inputs: growth, borrowing, pricing, profitability, and VAT. The flagship guides are strongest when you want the formulas and interpretation behind the repayment or return figure, not just the number itself.

Estimate repayments for loans and mortgages with clear monthly figures.
Compare growth, present value, future value, and return on investment.
Work out margins, markup, discounts, break-even points, and VAT-inclusive pricing.
Flagship guideBest place to start

Interest, Growth, and Time Value of Money

A practical guide to simple interest, compound growth, present value, future value, and CAGR that explains why money in different time positions cannot be compared honestly until time and compounding are made explicit.

HTML guides

Reference articles for finance & business.

Use these pages for formulas, worked examples, and common mistakes before or after you open a calculator.

Finance & BusinessFlagship guide

Interest, Growth, and Time Value of Money

A practical guide to simple interest, compound growth, present value, future value, and CAGR that explains why money in different time positions cannot be compared honestly until time and compounding are made explicit.

Students, savers, business users, and analysts who want the time value of money to feel like a decision tool rather than a set of isolated finance formulas.Read guide
Finance & BusinessFlagship guide

Borrowing and Repayment

A practical guide to loans and mortgages that explains amortisation, payment structure, interest allocation, and the trade-off between payment size, total interest, and repayment speed.

Borrowers, advisers, and students who want repayment calculations to mean more than a monthly number on the screen.Read guide
Finance & BusinessFlagship guide

Pricing and Commercial Maths

A practical guide to markup, margin, discounting, ROI, and break-even thinking that keeps the definitions separate so pricing decisions are not distorted by similar-looking percentages that mean very different things.

Small business owners, analysts, commercial teams, and students who need pricing maths to support decisions rather than create false confidence from familiar percentages.Read guide
Finance & BusinessFlagship guide

VAT Fundamentals

A timeless guide to adding and removing VAT with editable rates, written to stay useful as a formula reference rather than a fixed legal statement about any one tax regime.

Shoppers, small businesses, students, and anyone checking VAT-inclusive and VAT-exclusive prices.Read guide
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Printable references for offline use.

These PDFs are designed for quick revision, planning, and repeat checking away from the browser.

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